Masters of Surrealism - Jan Svankmajer and Terry Gilliam
Jan Svenkmajer
Jan Svankmajer was born 1934 in Czechoslovakia. He is a puppeteer, animator, surrealist artist and filmmaker known for reinventing fairy tales with a dark twist, and 3D avant garde stop motion paired with live action animation. He is known for prioritising visual elements over plot and narrative and his dark fantasy themes.
He spent 5 yrs at the School of Applied Arts in Prague between 1950-1954 then shifted to the puppet dept of the Academy of Performing Arts. His first short film is about 2 magicians who participate in a competition of skill called The Last Trick(1964).
His first feature film was Alice(1988), a dark adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. His most famous work is Faust(1993) which is set in a foreboding puppet theatre and involves giant puppets and clay figures in stop motion. Little Otick(2000) is a dark comedy about a wooden baby that comes to life and devours his parents, heavy inspiration from fairy tales for his plots.
Although he has won more than 30 awards and honours in international film festivals, he remains fairly unknown. His films were restricted from a wider audience after 1968 due to the Soviet Union invading Czechoslovakia and deciding his work is unsuitable for what they wanted. He became more well known once the Soviet Union fell.
Terry Gilliam
Best known for his work in Monty Python - Flying Circus animated sequences and directed The Holy Grail. He also directed The Imagination Trilogy(Time Bandits 1981, Brazil 1985, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen 1989), The Fisher King(1991), Twelve Monkeys(1995), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas(1998), The Imaginarium of Dr Parnassus(2009) and The Man Who Killed Don Quixote(2018).
He is known for his surrealist imagery, dark satire, dystopian scenarios and battling with studios over his distinctive artistic vision. He was born in Minnesota and moved to England in 1967. 1969-1974 was when he worked on the Flying Circus shorts.
He co-directed The Holy Grail with Terry Jones but there was a lot of conflict between the two directors due to their conflicting styles. Gilliams focus on visuals and perfectionism hampered shoots frequently.
Brazil received rave reviews in Europe, but screened badly in USA so Universal Studios made them cut it down to a 93 min rom-com. This film got Gilliam is first Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay.
The Adventures of Baron Muchausen bombed at the box office, only taking $8 million despite winning major awards and the budget hitting $47 million after blowing the initial sum of $23.5 million. The Fisher King and 12 Monkeys were both massive critical and box office hits, but Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas wasn't.
How to:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ7JTB2CaN0
Monty Python and the Holy Grail’s Monster
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q2WPneqhhs
Monty Python’s Personal Best: Terry Gilliam
Netflix, 55 minutes